Tuesday, January 23, 2018

People v. Paragsa

Facts:
1.     Defendant was charged with rape of Mirasol Magallanes (12 ½ yrs old)
a.     Mirasol was alone at her parents’ house cooking hog feed when Paragsa, armed with a hunting knife, entered the house.
b.     Approaching from behind, he placed his arm around Mirasol’s neck, pointing the knife at her breast, and threatened her not to shout otherwise she would be killed.
c.      the accused pushed her to a bamboo bed nearby, rolled up her dress and, with his two hands, removed her panties.
d.     The accused then placed his hunting knife on the bed by Mirasol's side, opened the zipper of his pants while kneeling on the bed, opened Mirasol's thighs, picked up the hunting knife again, placed himself on top of Mirasol, inserted his erect penis into her sexual organ and then made four push and pull movement until he ejaculated

2.     Mirasol's dress and panties were not torn, since, because of fear, she allowed the accused to roll up her dress and pull her panties without any resistance whatsoever. During the intercourse, the accused was not holding the hunting knife. After the accused had discharged, he ran to the storeroom of the house upstairs because he heard Mrs. Lita Parochel, wife of the younger brother of Mirasol's father, calling from outside the gate of the house, asking Mirasol to open the gate. Mirasol did not answer because she was then in the act of putting on her panties

3.     After she had put on her panties, she opened the gate and saw her aunt Lita, who asked her what the accused did to her, but she did not answer because she was afraid as the accused was still inside the house. She also did not tell her aunt Lita that the accused had sexual intercourse with her under threats and against her will. Her aunt Lita then walked away

4.     Mirasol's parents returned but she did not reveal the incident because she was afraid her father might punish her.  It was her aunt Lita who revealed the matter to Mirasol's mother, who thereupon confronted her daughter. Mirasol had to reveal the incident of July 13 to her mother only when her mother asked her about it; because, according to her, she wanted to take revenge on the accused

5.     Three days after her return on July 19, 1971 — Mirasol's mother brought her to the Hospital in where she was examined by Dr. Luis L. Gandiongco, who submitted his findings as follows:

a.     Discharges sticky, milky in color, found at the anterior fornix but negative for spermatozoa

6.     The evidence for the prosecution consists of the testimony of Mirasol Magallanes, the alleged rape victim, her aunt­ in­law, Mrs. Lita Parochel, and Dr. Luis L. Gandiongco

7.     Lita’s testimony

a.     Her house is 50 meters away from the house of her brother­in­law. In the afternoon of July 13, 1971, she went to the house of her brother­in­law.

b.     she saw, through the gate which was made of split bamboos, the accused running away when she shouted to Mirasol, who was then in the act of putting on her panties, to open the gate.

c.      Mirasol opened the gate after she had put on her panties. Entering the house, Lita asked Mirasol what the accused did to her, but Mirasol did not answer. So, she hid and from her hiding place she saw the accused emerge from his hiding place and run away, passing through the gate of the fence.

d.     Lita met Mirasol's father at about 4:00 o'clock the same afternoon but she did not talk to him about what she saw However, she revealed the incident to her husband

e.     When Mirasol's mother returned she had a conversation with her regarding the person of the accused and thereafter Mirasol's mother filed the corresponding complaint against the accused

8.     in support of the complaint of the mother of Mirasol, Lita executed an affidavit wherein she stated, among other things:
a.     That at about 3:00 o'clock in the afternoon of July 13, 1971, I went to the house of Ruperto Magallanes, my neighbor;
b.     That when I entered their fence, I found out that one Benben Paragsa ran from the bed where Mirasol Magallanes was sitting on while putting on her panties;
c.      That she, Mirasol Magallanes, upon my arrival, did not say anything to me about the happening; and that I was only thinking that something had happened

9.     the appellant enumerated and discussed five errors as having been committed by the trial court. These errors may, however, be boiled down to the issue of credibility.

10.   Appellant admits having sexual intercourse with Mirasol, but he stoutly denied that he did so by employing force or intimidation. He claims he and Mirasol were sweethearts; that on the day of the incident, it was Mirasol who invited him to the latter's house where they had sexual intercourse after kissing each other; and that the intercourse they had that afternoon was, as a matter of fact, their third sexual intercourse

11.   The foregoing testimony of the accused was substantially corroborated by two witnesses for the defense

Issue: WON the accused should be acquitted

Held: YES
A careful scrutiny of the record reveals that the prosecution's evidence is weak, unsatisfactory and inconclusive to justify a conviction. Certain circumstances negate the commission by the appellant of the crime charged and point to the conclusion that the sexual intercourse between the appellant and the complaining witness was voluntary.

Force and intimidation were not proven. Mirasol did not offer any resistance or vocal protestation against the alleged sexual assault. She could have easily made an outcry or resisted the appellant's advances without endangering her life. But she did not. She was allegedly raped in her own home, not far from her neighbors and during the daytime. If, indeed, she was raped under the circumstances narrated by her, she could have revealed the same the very moment she was confronted by her aunt Lita who asked her what the accused did to her upon entering the house immediately after the intercourse took place and when the accused ran from the bed to a storeroom of the house to hide upon seeing and/or hearing the voice of her aunt Lita. or, she could have grabbed the hunting knife by her side when the copulation was going on, and with it she could have possibly prevented the accused from consummating the sexual act. But she did not.

Another circumstance is that Mirasol did not reveal immediately to her parents that she was raped. It was only after her mother arrived from Sagay, Negros Occidental, three (3) days after the incident, and confronted her about the rape incident that her mother learned through her aunt Lita that she eventually revealed to her mother what the accused did to her in the afternoon of July 13, 1971.

Still another circumstance is the fact that Mirasol did not bother at all to rebut the testimony of the appellant and his witnesses to the effect that the accused and Mirasol were actually sweethearts; and that they had had two previous sexual communications before July 13, 1971, one of which happened on June 29, 1971 in the house of the accused, where Mirasol and the accused slept together in the evening of the same day after the mother of the accused and Mirasol had returned from the town fiesta of Bantayan, Cebu

The rule allowing silence of a person to be taken as an implied admission of the truth of the statements uttered in his presence is applicable in criminal cases. But before the silence of a party can be taken as an admission of what is said, it must appear: (1) that he heard and understood the statement; (2) that he was at liberty to interpose a denial; (3) that the statement was in respect to some matter affecting his rights or in which he was then interested, and calling, naturally, for an answer; (4) that the facts were within his knowledge; and (5) that the fact admitted or the inference to be drawn from his silence would be material to the issue

These requisites of admission by silence all obtain in the present case. Hence, the silence of Mirasol on the facts asserted by the accused and his witnesses may be safely construed as an admission of the truth of such assertion.

One more circumstance which engenders serious doubt on the truthfulness of Mirasol is the testimony of Dr. Gandiongco that he did not notice any laceration in the walls of Mirasol's vagina. Considering Mirasol's tender age, if she had no previous sexual experience, she must have been a virgin when she was allegedly raped by the accused. Yet she did not state that she felt some pain as the accused tried to insert his organ into her private part. Neither did she state that she was bleeding during and after the alleged forced coition. Instead, she matter­of­factly narrated that the accused made four push and pull movements after which the latter ejaculated — indicating that he had an easy time doing it.

If WE are to believe her story, certainly the doctor who examined her could have noticed the lacerations even after the lapse of three (3) days from the coition, if the intercourse on July 13, 1971 was in fact her first experience. WE believe the absence of lacerations in the walls of Mirasol's vagina, as testified to by Dr. Gandiongco, supra, eloquently confirms the truth of the accused's assertion that before the incident in question, he and Mirasol had two prior copulations.

And still another circumstance which casts serious doubt on the credibility of the complaining witness and her aunt Lita is the matter of the hunting knife. While it is true that on the witness stand these two witnesses practically corroborated each other on this particular point, the matter of the accused having a hunting knife with him on the day of the incident was not, however, mentioned by Mrs. Parochel in her affidavit, Exhibit 1, which she executed on July 30, 1971 — five months before she testified in court. Besides, at the trial, the prosecution did not bother to present such "hunting knife".
A last circumstance which also engenders serious doubt on the veracity of Mrs. Parochel, whose testimony the trial court summarized, runs thus:
... The victim did not answer the call of her aunt nor did she open the barred door.
... She returned to the opened door and asked Mirasol what had happened. Mirasol was very pale, trembling and in a state of shock, did not answer her inquiries

Nowhere in the record is any evidence of Mirasol having been in a state of shock.
If Mirasol was in fact in a state of shock —
1. How come she was able to put on her panties and thereafter open the gate of the house when she heard her aunt Lita calling from the outside?
2. Her aunt Lita would feel so alarmed and so concerned that she would not lose any time to bring her to a doctor or to a hospital for medical treatment or assistance;
3. Her aunt Lita would have confronted the accused who was still hiding in the closet in a corner of the ground floor, or she would have gone to the nearest police authority or barrio captain, who could have easily apprehended the accused:
4. Her aunt could have sought the assistance of their barriomates or neighbors; or
5. She could have brought Mirasol to her own house which was on about 50 meters away
But what did she do? She abandoned Mirasol "because" she Mirasol had to feed her hogs.That Mirasol was pale, afraid and trembling can only be attributed to the fact that her aunt discovered her having
sexual intercourse at so young an age and that she feared that her aunt would report the same to her parents.

And if Mrs. Parochel really believed that her niece Mirasol was raped by appellant about 3 o'clock that afternoon of July 13, 1971, why did she not report the outrage to Mirasol's father — her husband's brother — whom she met about 4 o'clock that same afternoon, just one hour after the alleged rape?

Mrs. Parochel's close relationship to her niece­daughter of her brother­in­law — vitiates her credibility.


WHEREFORE, APPELLANT BIENVENIDO PARAGSA, ALIAS "BENBEN", IS HEREBY ACQUITTED

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